Ольга Куроптева, Palme School

1. To skazat' (сказать) - To say. While "to say" exists in English, it doesn't carry the same nuance of a definitive statement or pronouncement. Russian often uses "to skazat'" to emphasize the act of stating something as a fact, with a sense of finality. 2. Pochemuchka (почемучка) - A curious person, especially a child who constantly asks "why?". English has "curious person" or "inquisitive," but "pochemuchka" is a more specific and affectionate term. 3. Toska (тоска) - A deep, often melancholic longing or yearning, a spiritual anguish without a specific cause. English words like "sadness," "melancholy," or "longing" don't fully capture the unique Russian feeling of "toska." 4. Avos' (авось) - A hope that things will turn out well by chance, without any effort or planning. It's a belief in luck or fate. English doesn't have a single word for this distinctly Russian concept. 5. Intelligentsia (интеллигенция) - A social class of intellectuals, artists, and educated people who consider themselves a distinct group with a responsibility to society. While English has "intellectuals" or "educated class," "intelligentsia" has a more specific historical and cultural connotation in Russian. 6. Dusha (душа) - Soul. While English has "soul," the Russian "dusha" often encompasses a broader range of meanings, including the inner self, one's character, and one's emotional core, with a deeper, more profound significance. 7. Blat (блат) - A system of informal connections and favors used to get things done, often circumventing official channels. It's a kind of informal networking or “knowing people.” English equivalents like "connections" or "networking" don't quite capture the often illicit or at least questionable nature of "blat." 8. Vyborgskaia storona (Выборгская сторона) - Literally "Vyborg side," but it's commonly used to refer to a more insular, provincial, or even slightly backward part of a city, in contrast to the more modern or central areas. It implies a certain character or social atmosphere. 9. Sverkhpotrebleniye (сверхпотребление) - Overconsumption. While English has "overconsumption" or "excessive consumption," "sverkhpotrebleniye" is a more concise and commonly used term in Russian to describe the phenomenon of consuming more than is necessary or sustainable. 10. Nedotopleniye (недотопление) - Insufficient heating. This is a very specific word for when a building or room is not heated enough, a common issue in colder climates where heating is a significant concern. English would require a phrase like "inadequate heating" or "not warm enough."

sad